ADHD in Children — Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that begins in childhood and may continue into adulthood. It is defined by ongoing patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that disrupt daily functioning and developmental progress. These behaviors are noticeably stronger and more frequent than what is usually expected in children of a similar age, often resulting in challenges at school, at home, and in social relationships.
ADHD is not caused by poor parenting or lack of discipline. Instead, research suggests that it develops due to a combination of genetic influences, neurological differences, and environmental factors. Although the exact cause is still not fully known, scientific evidence indicates that brain structure, brain activity, and certain neurotransmitter imbalances may contribute to the condition.
Symptoms of ADHD in Children
Symptoms of ADHD vary from child to child, but they generally fall under three core categories:
- Inattention
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsiveness
While many children occasionally display these behaviors, in ADHD the symptoms are persistent, more severe, and long-lasting, and they significantly affect functioning at school, within the family environment, and in social settings.
Diagnosis of ADHD in Children
Early identification and an individualized treatment approach are important in helping children manage their symptoms and work toward their full potential. There is no single medical test that can diagnose ADHD, and because other conditions may present with similar symptoms, assessment must be carried out carefully.
A thorough evaluation should be conducted by a clinician experienced in diagnosing ADHD — particularly child and adolescent psychiatrists, who are trained to:
- complete detailed ADHD assessments
- rule out other conditions with overlapping symptoms
- identify mental health difficulties commonly found alongside ADHD
A diagnosis is generally made when symptoms have been present for at least six months and cannot be better explained by another condition such as anxiety, depression, or a learning difficulty.
Treatment of ADHD in Children
Although ADHD is a lifelong condition, many children are able to live successful, meaningful, and fulfilling lives with appropriate support and treatment. Management typically includes a combination of:
- medication
- behavioral therapy
- educational and learning support
A tailored plan helps children develop coping skills, improve daily functioning, and thrive across home, school, and social environments.
